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Training Data Quality: Lessons from 10,000+ Real-World AI Projects

Training data quality defines the ceiling of AI performance. Drawing from 10,000+ real-world AI projects across healthcare, autonomous systems, and enterprise vision, this article examines why data quality is a systems problem — not a labeling problem. We break down the quality dimensions that matter, modality-specific insights, and why manual QA fails at scale. The result is a practical, engineering-led perspective on building production-ready AI systems.